Recycling spent lead acid batteries into aqueous zinc-ion battery material with ultra-flat voltage platforms

The harmless disposal of lead paste in the spent lead-acid batteries (LABs) remains an enormous challenge in traditional pyrometallurgical recycling. Here, we introduced a hydrometallurgical method for the recycling of the spent LABs’ waste to obtain the β-PbO as a novel zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) active material. The obtained β-PbO exhibits ultra-flat charge/discharge voltage platforms (0.21 mV/(mAh g^?1)) and stable specific capacity. During the charge/discharge, the β-PbO spontaneously triggers the formation of (ZnSO₄)[Zn(OH)₂]₃·5H₂O (ZHS) micro-sheets as a surface passivation layer. Moreover, the ex-situ X-ray spectra reveal that the reversible phase transformation occurs between PbSO₄ and Pb with the assistance of ZHS by adjusting the PH value on the electrode-electrolyte interface. The synergistic two-phase-reaction mechanism generates ultra-flat voltage platforms upon the charge/discharge. This “energy-saving and environment-friendly” recycling route eliminates the major source of emission of pollution particulates/gases compared to the traditional pyrometallurgical recycling, while at the same time replacing energy-consuming and environmentally detrimental processes of synthesis of current ZIBs cathodes.     

Electron injection barrier and energy-level alignment at the Au/PDI8-CN2 interface via current–voltage measurements and ballistic emission microscopy

We probe electron transport across the Au/organic interface based on oriented thin films of the high-performance n-type perylene diimide semiconductor PDI8-CN₂. To this purpose, we prepared organic-on-inorganic Schottky diodes, with Au directly evaporated onto PDI8-CN₂ grown on n-Si. Temperature-dependent current–voltage characteristics and complementary ballistic electron emission microscopy studies reveal that rectification at the Au/PDI8-CN₂ interface is controlled by a spatially inhomogeneous injection barrier, that varies on a length scale of tens of nanometers according to a Gaussian distribution with mean value ∼0.94 eV and standard deviation ∼100 meV. The former gradually shifts to ∼1.04 eV on increasing PDI8-CN₂ thickness from 5 nm to 50 nm. Experimental evidences and general arguments further allow to establish the energetics at the Au/PDI8-CN₂ interface. Our work indicates injection-limited current flow in PDI8-CN₂-based devices with evaporated Au electrodes. Furthermore, it suggests chemical reactivity of PDI8-CN₂ with both Au and Si, driven by the lateral isocyano groups.     

Carbon nanotube–polyaniline composites

The last decade has seen a growing interest in hybrid electrically conducting nanocomposites. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of the present status of research in carbon nanotube–polyaniline (CNT/PANI) composites, from processing to structural and property evaluations. CNT/PANI are synthesized by electrochemical and chemical processing. When chemical methods are used, the main challenge is to obtain processable CNT/PANI in the emeraldine salt (ES) form composites. Stable dispersions of ES–CNT in organic media are prepared using the post doping method, inverse emulsion polymerization, or ex situ polymerizations. On the contrary, stable water dispersions of CNT/ES are prepared using hydrophilization of a preformed CNT/ES composite, direct synthesis of micelle–CNT hybrid templates, interfacial polymerization, covalent functionalization of CNT with a water soluble polymer, or using electrostatic interactions between two oppositely charged ES and CNT aqueous colloids. Moreover, the strategies for the synthesis of ternary CNT/PANI composites incorporating noble metal nanoparticles, metal oxide, or graphene sheets are also presented and analyzed in depth. Finally, we give a review of potential applications, including chemical sensors, capacitors, fuel cells and electronic devices.     

熔体静电纺丝的工艺条件对纺丝纤维直径的影响

主要研究纺丝温度、纺丝电压、接收距离等参数对聚丙烯(PP)熔体静电纺丝纤维直径的影响。采用了只变一个参数,其它参数固定的常规实验方法。在实验条件范围内,随着纺丝温度的升高,纤维的平均直径逐渐减小,得到PP的最佳纺丝温度240℃。在固定电压的情况下,得到最佳接收距离7cm。在固定接收距离的情况下,随着电压的增加,电场中的喷射流熔体受到的电场力逐渐增大,得出最佳纺丝电压35kV。     

硫酸根对膜极距电解的影响

探讨在电解槽运行过程中,硫酸根对膜极距电解槽槽电压的影响,总结了控制一次精制盐水中硫酸根含量的经验.     

高抗流挂厚浆型环氧重防腐涂料的制备

以双酚A环氧树脂为主体树脂,酚醛胺和聚酰胺为固化剂,制备了一种具有高抗流挂性的厚浆型环氧重防腐涂料。该涂料不仅具有低VOC(挥发性有机化合物)含量,而且通过触变剂的合理搭配,一次喷涂湿膜厚度达到500μm而不流挂,大大改善了施工环境,提高了施工效率。涂层性能的测试结果表明:该涂料具有良好的附着力、优异的耐腐蚀性,综合性能优异。     

测量离子膜电解槽膜电压的新方法

介绍了采用基于总通讯结构的耐高共模直流电压的智能数据采集系统测量离子膜电解槽膜电压的新方法。并简要说明了该方法的特点。     

温度对MOA电阻片主要电气性能的影响

对 MOA电阻片在不同温度下几项主要电气特性试验结果进行了分析 ,阐述了温度对电阻片主要电气特性的影响 ,给出了详细的性能参数随温度的变化曲线 ,使人们对国产电阻片的温度特性有一个较全面的了解和掌握 ,以采取有效的措施大幅度地改善电阻片的固有温度特性 ,提高电阻片的综合电气性能 ,减少高压、超高压 MOA的损坏事故率 ,发展高性能特高压 MOA,提高 MOA的运行可靠性     

工频涡流加热养护混凝土的功率计算

提出厂工频涡流加热养护混凝土的功率计算办法。及其工频涡流在铁管中电热转換过程中的基本参数:饱和电流和饱和电压及单位长度的含义。     

关于低压断路器的选择与使用

介绍了低压断路器的使用要求、短路分析能力的选择、四级断路器的正确使用、断路器的安装接线等 ,指出设计应用中的问题应引起有关技术人员的高度重视